今回のテーマは
『梁（はり）』です。
梁材は大きく分けて3つの検討をします。
材料を曲げようとする力、材料を切り裂こうとする力、たわみに対する検討です。
どれも上から掛かる力なので、梁を受ける柱の間隔が狭ければ、その力も小さくなります。
たとえば、５メートルの梁の両端にしか柱がない場合と間に柱を１本足して３本の柱で梁を受けた場合。
３本の柱で梁を受けた方が、梁に対する負担は減りますよね。
梁は柱と同様、縦に上から掛かる力を見ます。
建物自体の重さに人や家具の重さを足し、常に掛かる力を求めます。
その力が梁の持っている耐力を下回ることを確認します。
梁の間に１本柱を入れるには、梁を削って凹みを作り柱と組み合わる必要があります。
その欠けも、もちろん計算に組み込みます。
柱の計算と同じように、地震など一時的に掛かる力もきちんと計算します。
柱だけ強くても、梁が弱ければ意味がありません。
『構造材すべてが同じバランスで強い』
これが真に強い家です。
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