今回のテーマは
『耐震等級』です。
耐震等級とは、住宅性能表示制度という建物の性能を数値で表す制度の中の一つです。
等級1は基準法レベル、
2は基準法レベルの1.25倍、
3は基準法レベルの1.5倍の
耐力を持っていることになります。
また、等級が上がると、確認しなければならないことが増えます。
等級1では、壁量と柱や筋交いなどの接合部のチェックのみを求めていましたが
等級2以上では、床倍率や基礎、梁や土台などの安全性も確認します。
「床倍率って？」
床がどれくらい強いかの尺度です。
いくら丈夫な耐力壁を設けても、そこに力が伝わらなければ性能を発揮できません。
耐力壁に力を伝えてあげる役目を果たすのが、床などの水平構面と呼ばれる部分なのです。
壁の強さはもちろん、それに見合った床の強さも耐震性を高めるために重要なのです。
基礎に関しては、
●沈下などが起きないか、
●基礎の立ち上がりに掛かる力に対して厚みは十分か、
●入っている鉄筋がしっかり力を負担してくれているか
などを確認します。
柱や梁、土台といった構造体を構成する要素、それらを結びつける継手と呼ばれる金物なども十分な耐力があるか確認します。
そのような安全性確認を耐震等級で見ます。
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