前回は
「縦の力は柱や梁が支える」
というお話でした。
今回は横の力についてお話しします。
まず「横の力には何があるか」ですが、主に『地震と風』の力です。
地震や台風の強風を受けると、建物は横に揺れますよね？
これを耐力壁で支えます。
ではここで工作の時間です。
机の上に１６本の木があります。
これで四角いフレームを作ってみましょう。
もちろん想像でOKです（笑）
まず４本で四角く土台を作ります。
次に四隅に柱を建てます。
その先端を４本の木で繋ぎあわせると、立体的な四角いフレームができます。
フレームはそれだけではとても弱いです。
少し力を加えただけで、グラグラします。
そこで残りの４本を使って補強をします。
柱と柱の間に、
アルファベットの『Ｎ』になるように斜めに木を渡します。
たったそれだけで、グラグラしなくなります。
バッテンのようにもう１本入れると、さらに頑丈になります。
この斜めに入れた木材が『筋交い』です。
筋交いを入れて、横の力に抵抗する壁を『耐力壁』といいます。
耐力壁には、筋交いの他にツーバイフォー等で使われる構造用合板があります。
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